Performance of potentiometric oxygen sensors with LSM-GDC composite electrode in liquid LBE at low temperatures

Potentiometric oxygen sensors integrated with LSM (strontium-doped lanthanum manganite)-GDC (gadolinium-doped ceria) composite electrode have been developed for use in liquid LBE at low temperatures. The performance of these sensors has been evaluated in oxygen saturated LBE in the temperature range of 200–400 °C. Their performance was compared with that for platinum electrode and Bi/Bi2O3 electrode. The sensor with LSM-GDC composite electrode performed well down to 200 °C by using a voltmeter with high input resistance (>10 GΩ), while those with platinum electrode and Bi/Bi2O3 electrode showed significant deviations at 200 °C.