Simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitation of the lactone and carboxylate forms of topotecan in human plasma

A selective and highly sensitive isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for simultaneous determination of lactone and carboxylate species of topotecan, in plasma. The method utilizes a protein precipitation step with cold methanol (−20 °C) for sample preparation followed by separation on a Novapack C18 column using ammonium acetate buffer, acetonitrile and triethylamine (84:16:1.5, v/v) containing tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS) (2 mM) with a pH of 5 as the mobile phase. The eluted peaks were detected by a fluorescence detector was set at an excitation wavelength of 380 nm and an emission wavelength of 527 nm. The method was validated in the range of lactone and carboxylate forms of topotecan concentrations from 0.05 to 75 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-day precision expressed by the relative standard deviation was less than 8.50% and inaccuracy did not exceed 10% for lactone and carboxylate forms of topotecan. The limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/ml using 0.50 ml plasma. Stability studies in plasma and plasma extract indicated that topotecan is stable for at least 2 weeks at −70 °C.