Characterization of the surface tension of vegetable oils to be used as fuel in diesel engines

Straight vegetable oils may be used as fuel in existing diesel engines. However, some precautions should be taken into account because some of their physicochemical properties must be adjusted through temperature control to ensure enhanced combustion, thus avoiding premature aging of the engine. Although it is well known that surface tension plays a prevalent role in the fuel atomization process which affects the combustion quality, there is lack of published information about its variation with temperature when dealing with straight vegetable oils to be used as fuel in unmodified diesel engines. In this work, the surface tension of several vegetable oils is studied in a wide temperature interval. The optimal range of temperatures at which each vegetable oil should operate to adjust its properties to those of automotive diesel and biodiesel is found. Moreover, an empirical relationship between the dependence between surface tension and density is presented. Therefore, by means of this relationship, just measuring the density of a given oil, its surface tension can be directly deduced.