Numerical Simulation of Axisymmetric Free Surface Flows

This paper describes an extension of the GENSMAC code for solving two-dimen-sional free surface flows to axisymmetric flows. Like GENSMAC the technique is finite difference based and embodies, but considerably extends, the SMAC (simplified marker and cell) ideas. It incorporates adaptive time stepping and an accurate representation of the free surfaces while at the same time only uses surface particles to define the free surfaces, greatly increasing the computational speed; in addition, it employs a graphic interface with solid modeling techniques to provide enhanced three-dimensional visualization. Various simulations are undertaken to illustrate and validate typical flows. Both G. I. Taylorʹs viscous jet plunging into a fluid and a liquid drop splashing onto a fluid are simulated. Also, the important industrial application of container filling is illustrated. Finally, a comparison is made with the linear theory of standing waves and the code is validated by a numerical convergence study.