On the use of immersed boundary methods for shock/obstacle interactions

This paper describes the implementation of immersed boundary method using the direct-forcing concept to investigate complex shock–obstacle interactions. An interpolation algorithm is developed for more stable boundary conditions with easier implementation procedure. The values of the fluid variables at the embedded ghost-cells are obtained using a local quadratic scheme which involves the neighboring fluid nodes. Detailed discussions of the method are presented on the interpolation of flow variables, direct-forcing of ghost cells, resolution of immersed-boundary points and internal treatment. The method is then applied to a high-order WENO scheme to simulate the complex fluid–solid interactions. The developed solver is first validated against the theoretical solutions of supersonic flow past triangular prism and circular cylinder. Simulated results for test cases with moving shocks are further compared with the previous experimental results of literature in terms of triple-point trajectory and vortex evolution. Excellent agreement is obtained showing the accuracy and the capability of the proposed method for solving complex strong-shock/obstacle interactions for both stationary and moving shock waves.