Transparent and conducting TiO2:Nb films made by sputter deposition: Application to spectrally selective solar reflectors

Transparent and conducting thin films of TiO2:Nb were prepared on glass and aluminum substrates by dual-target reactive DC magnetron sputtering in an Ar+O2 plasma. The Nb content lay between 0 and 4.9 at% as determined by ion beam analyses. X-ray diffraction showed that vacuum annealing at 450 °C led to crystallinity and prevalence of the anatase phase. The influence of Nb doping was studied with regard to structural, optical, and electrical data. Optical constants were determined from spectrophotometric recordings for films on glass, and the onset of free-electron behavior was documented for annealed films. The latter films, deposited onto Al2O3-coated Al, were found to display optically selective reflectance and to be useful for solar energy applications.