Value transmissions between parents and children: Gender and developmental phase as transmission belts

This study applied the gender role model of socialization theory, the developmental aging theory, and the topic salience perspective to the investigation of parent–child value transmissions. Specifically, we examined whether the bi-directionality and selectivity of value transmissions differed as a function of parentsʹ and childrenʹs gender and childrenʹs developmental phase (adolescence versus emerging adulthood). Transmissions between parents and children from 402 Dutch families on the topics of work as duty and hedonism were studied across a 5-year period using structural equation modeling. As expected, we did not find convincing support for the general models of gender socialization and developmental aging. Instead, parent–child value transmissions appeared to be qualified by value salience. Particularly, high salience of work as duty for fathers was related with great paternal involvement in transmissions on this value orientation and high salience of hedonism for sons and adolescents was linked to transmissions from these groups to parents.