Numerical simulation of flow over topographic features by revised k–ε models

The accurate prediction of the wind energy distribution over terrains is important for making an appropriate selection of a suitable site for installing wind power plant. In this study, two-dimensional numerical simulations of flow over two common types of topographic features, i.e. a cliff and a hill, are presented. Three types of turbulence models, namely standard k–ε and its revised linear form (Durbin model) as well as a revised nonlinear form (Shih model) are employed in this work. The performance of these models in predicting flow over these features is investigated. The accuracy of the prediction by using a z0 type wall function to reproduce the effect of surface roughness on flowfield from these turbulence models is also examined.