Tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acids and contaminants of l-tryptophan

Methods for the separation, identification, and quantitative assay of contaminants of l-tryptophan implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) are described. Propylsulfonic acid (PRS), benzenesulfonic acid (SCX), and octyl-derivatized silica (C8) bonded-phase cartridges were used for the separation; LC–MS and GC–MS for identification; and HPLC–UV–fluorescence detection for quantitative analyses of norharman, harman, tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA), 1-methyltetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA), 1,1′-ethylidenbis(tryptophan) (EBT), and 3-(phenylamino)alanine (PAA). The tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of these contaminants of l-tryptophan associated with EMS after acute and chronic dosage regimens are described. Considerable amounts of EBT were observed in the large intestine of rats administered EBT, showing a transfer without decomposition in gastric fluid. In addition, MTCA was detected in the blood and urine as well as the organs of rats treated with EBT, suggesting MTCA as a major metabolite of EBT. PAA accumulated markedly in the brain, among the organs of rats, after both acute and chronic administration of PAA, while MTCA accumulated in the kidneys of rats after chronic dosage of MTCA. Ethanol and/or acetaldehyde-induced formation of MTCA, as well as tryptophan-induced formation of TCCA, occurred endogenously in man and animals.