Opportunities and challenges in micro- and nano-technologies for concentrating photovoltaic cooling: A review

Concentrating photovoltaic technology is one of the fastest growing solar energy technologies achieving electrical conversion efficiency in excess of 43%. The operating temperature of a solar cell strongly influences the performance of a photovoltaic system reducing its efficiency with a negative temperature coefficient. Thus, cooling systems represent a very important aspect in concentrating photovoltaic applications. This work presents an overview of micro- and nano-technologies applicable to passive CPV cooling and associated manufacturing technologies (such as monolithic applications). Among the different technologies, carbon nano-tubes and high-conductive coating are the most promising technologies to offer the best CPV cooling performance. A critical assessment of the technological review has also been made.