Bio-diesel production and its engine characteristics—An expatiate view

Nowadays, the awareness about the environment rose among general civic to search for an alternative fuel that could burn with not as much of the pollution. In general, all the vegetable oils are cleaner forms of energy, renewable, and sustainable. So they could be used as an alternative fuel especially in C.I. engines. This review depicts the different methods of bio-diesel production such as transesterification, radio frequency (RF), two-step catalytic process, etc. Subsequently, performance and emissions are two distinct factors that decide the use of fuels in engines; a brief discussion is made on the performance and emission characteristics of various bio-diesel sources like edible oil, inedible orange oil, animal tallow, turpentine oil, waste plastic oil, etc. This paper extends to distinguish exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) from other available methods for NOx reduction, and finally a comparative evaluation has been made on thermal barrier coated engines with conventional diesel engines.