Assessment of optimal biofuel supply chain planning in Iran: Technical, economic, and agricultural perspectives

Contribution to satisfying the final energy demand, the necessities arises from waste minimization, and rural areaʹs developments are the main incentives for biofuel usage in the Iranian energy supply system. This paper develops a model for the supply chain of bioethanol and bioETBE from the farms to the end users which integrates the temporal and spatial scales. It considers the techno-economical evaluations of first and second generation biofuels. The results provide practical insights for decision makers to introduce the biofuel into the Iranian energy systems. Here, the optimal designs of transition pathways of biofuel supply chain are available which successfully assesses the benefits and barriers to the decision maker.