Development and validation of a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for simultaneous identification and quantification of marker compounds including bilobalide, ginkgolides and flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. extract and pharmaceutical preparatio

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven major chemical markers (bilobalide, ginkgolides A, B, C, kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin) in phytopharmaceuticals of Ginkgo biloba L. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) and inter-day RSD’s were based on the analysis of the standardized Ginkgo biloba L. extract on the same day and on the following 3 consecutive days. The intra-day RSD’s ranged from 1.21% (bilobalide) to 6.20% (kaempferol). The inter-day RSD’s ranged from 2.10% (bilobalide) to 10.42% (isorhamnetin). Mean recoveries ranged from a low of 63.0±5.3% (isorhamnetin) to a maximum of 103.5±6.0% (ginkgolide A). Calibration curves were linear in ranges between 2.73 and 36.36 μg/ml for the markers. Limits of detection ranged from a low of 0.5 μg/ml (bilobalide) to a high of 2.5 μg/ml (quercetin). The limits of quantitation were a low of 1.1 μg/ml (gingkolides A, B, C) to a high of 7.5 μg/ml (kaempferol). The method was applied to a standard extract (>6% total terpenoids and >24% total flavonoids) and six ginkgo capsule phytopharmaceuticals.