Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments using a novel microwave assisted solvent extraction and liquid-phase microextraction technique

A simple and novel analytical method for quantifying persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine sediments has been developed using microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) using hollow fibre membrane (HFM). POPs studied included twelve organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and eight polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. MASE was used for the extraction of POPs from 1 g of sediment using 10 ml of ultrapure water at 600 W for 20 min at 80 °C. The extract was subsequently subjected to a single step LPME–HFM cleanup and enrichment procedure. Recovery varied between 73 and 111% for OCPs; and 86–110% for PCBs, and exceeded levels achieved for conventional multi-step Soxhlet extraction coupled with solid-phase extraction. The method detection limit for each POP analyte ranged from 0.07 to 0.70 ng g−1, and peak areas were proportional to analyte concentrations in the range of 5–500 ng g−1. Relative standard deviations of less than 20% was obtained, based on triplicate sample analysis. The optimized technique was successfully applied to POP analysis of marine sediments collected from the northeastern and southwestern areas of Singaporeʹs coastal environment.