Characterisation of proanthocyanidin aglycones and glycosides from rose hips by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and their rapid quantification together with Vitamin C

Fifteen individual proanthocyanidin aglycones and 19 glycosides, together with a complex mixture of chromatographically non-separated tetra- to octameric proanthocyanidin glycosides were detected—the non-separated glycosides being novel natural products—and characterised from dog rose hips using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS). Along with these phenolics, a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of rose hips was found to contain high levels of Vitamin C. A simple and rapid HPLC method assisted by diode array detection for the estimation of the total concentration of proanthocyanidin aglycones and glycosides, as well as Vitamin C, in rose hip extracts was developed.