Pressurized liquid extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry as an improved methodology for the determination of sulfonamide residues in meat

A new analytical method, based on capillary electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry (CE–MS2), is proposed and validated for the identification and simultaneous quantification of 12 sulfonamides (SAs) in pork meat. The studied SAs include sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfanilamide, sulfadimethoxyne, sulfapyridine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfasalazine, sulfabenzamide and sulfadimidine. Different parameters (i.e. separation buffer, sheath liquid, electrospray conditions) were optimized to obtain an adequate CE separation and high MS sensitivity. MS2 experiments using an ion trap as analyzer, operating in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, were carried out to achieve the required number of identification points according to the 2002/657/EC European Decision. For the quantification in pork tissue samples, a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) procedure, using hot water as extractant followed by an Oasis HLB cleanup, was developed. Linearity (r between 0.996 and 0.997), precision (RSD < 14 %) and recoveries (from 76 to 98%) were satisfactory. The limits of detection and quantification (below 12.5 and 46.5 μg kg−1, respectively) were in all cases lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs), indicating the potential of CE–MS2 for the analysis of SAs, in the food quality and safety control areas.