A comparative Study of Mutations in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium shows that Codon Conservation is Strongly Correlated with Codon Usage

Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are closely related species of enteric bacteria, having diverged from 120 to 160 million years ago, according to the estimate of Ochman & Wilson (1987. J. Mol. Evol.26, 74–86). In order to study base substitution mutations in the genomes of these bacteria, we have compared pairs of genes for the same product in the two species, and have selected a sample in which the protein length is the same in both E. coli and S. typhimurium. From the alignment of these gene pairs, we observe that frequently used codons are more conserved than infrequently used codons, i.e., the apparent mutation rate is higher for rare codons than for popular codons.