The Fertilization Dance: A Mechanical View of the Egg Rotation During the Initial Spermatozoa–Ovum Interaction

The motion of the ovum and the spermatozoa toward each other in the oviduct culminates in a meeting that ultimately results in fertilization. This encounter is characterized by a slow rotation of the sperms–egg cluster while the sperms attempt a penetration. The mysterious rotation was observed in vivo and in vitro for homologous and heterologous systems. It lacks a satisfactory biological explanation while it seems to be correlated with the efficiency of fertilization. A simple bio-mechanical model presented here predicts that the slow rotation of the sperms–egg cluster is a natural consequence of the encounter in most cases. A linear stability analysis of the system suggests a quantitative explanation of the rotation causes, its intensity and its direction. The entire encounter seems as a micro-scale process of courting of the ovum by the spermatozoa, which is expressed as circular dance.