The illegal and unregulated fishery for toothfish in the Southern Ocean, and the CCAMLR catch documentation scheme

Fishing for toothfish in Antarctic waters started in the 1980s. Large amounts of illegal and unregulated fishing were observed in the mid-1990s, reaching 4 times the regulated catch in 1997. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources has adopted a number of Conservation Measures to control this illegal fishing. The Catch Document Scheme, adopted in 1999, which aims to reduce unregulated fishing through trade-related measures, is described in detail.