A macroscopic 1D model for shape memory alloys including asymmetric behaviors and transformation-dependent elastic properties

The research toward an exhaustive modeling of the macroscopic behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has been widely growing in last years because of the increasing employment of such smart materials in a large number of applications in many fields of engineering. Within this context, it has to be remarked that many models for SMAs available in the literature are able to properly reproduce main macroscopic SMA behaviors (i.e., superelasticity and shape-memory effect), without however modeling secondary effects that may turn out to be relevant in some practical cases. In this paper, we propose a new phenomenological one-dimensional model, which takes into account tension–compression asymmetries as well as elastic properties depending on the phase transformation level, combined with a good description of the superelastic and shape-memory behaviors. Moreover, we present some numerical tests showing model features and performance.