Molecular pathways for intracellular cholesterol accumulation: Common pathogenic mechanisms in Niemann–Pick disease Type C and cystic fibrosis

It has been less than two decades since the underlying genetic defects in Niemann–Pick disease Type C were first identified. These defects impair function of two proteins with a direct role in lipid trafficking, resulting in deposition of free cholesterol within late endosomal compartments and a multitude of effects on cell function and clinical manifestations. The rapid pace of research in this area has vastly improved our overall understanding of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Excessive cholesterol buildup has also been implicated in clinical manifestations associated with a number of genetically unrelated diseases including cystic fibrosis. Applying knowledge about anomalous cell signaling behavior in cystic fibrosis opens prospects for identifying similar previously unrecognized disease pathways in Niemann–Pick disease Type C. Recognition that Niemann–Pick disease Type C and cystic fibrosis both impair cholesterol regulatory pathways also provides a rationale for identifying common therapeutic targets.