The critical role of Sestrin 1 in regulating the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts

The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts is pivotal in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Sestrin 1, which functions as antioxidant, plays diverse roles in the regulation of proliferation and cellular injury that is induced by oxidative stress. However, little is known regarding the impact of Sestrin 1 on the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. In the present study, with knockdown of Sestrin 1 by siRNA, we surveyed the effect of Sestrin 1 on cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Downregulation of Sestrin 1 promotes Ang II-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, leading to increased DNA synthesis and collagen production. Moreover, in the absence of Ang II, a similar phenotype to the basal condition was detected with silencing of Sestrin 1. Further analysis of the pro-proliferating signals revealed that knockdown of Sestrin 1 significantly activated ERK1/2 and mTOR, meanwhile, downregulation of Sestrin 1 also enhanced the expression of collagen type I and CTGF, which play important role in the cardiac fibrosis. Consistent with the antioxidant property of Sestrin 1, we determined that the proliferation induced by silence of Sestrin 1 was accompanied by a remarkably enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, diminishing ROS by NAC, a potent antioxidant, could only partly repress the pro-proliferative effect of Sestrin 1-downregulation. Consequently, our study demonstrated that Sestrin 1 plays an important role in the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, and the effect could be partly mediated by decreased oxidative stress.