Combination of accelerated solvent extraction and vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of dimethyl fumarate in textiles and leathers by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A simple and environmentally friendly sample preparation procedure coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to assay dimethyl fumarate in textiles and leathers. The sample preparation procedure involved an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) using water as the extract solvent, followed by the extraction and concentration of dimethyl fumarate from the aqueous solution using vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME). The parameters affecting the ASE and VALLME were optimized to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency, and the performance of the developed method was evaluated. Good linearity was observed over the range assayed (0.01–1 mg/kg) with a regression coefficient of 0.998. The limit of detection and enrichment factor for the VALLME step were 0.001 mg/kg and 53, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision were below 8.9%, and the recovery was approximately 84–103%. The as-developed method was successfully applied to textiles and leather samples.