Photoelectron holography analysis of W(1 1 0)(1×1)–O surface

By applying photoelectron holography analysis to a W(1 1 0)(1×1)–O surface, the real space image was reconstructed around the oxygen atoms. The peak positions showed that the oxygen atoms lie within the top layer, which does not contradict the results of the R-factor X-ray photoelectron diffraction analysis of Daimon et al. [Surf. Sci. 408 (1998) 260]. The holographic analysis of the calculated photoelectron diffraction pattern indicated that holographic reconstruction reveals atomic positions up to the third nearest-neighbor scatterers. Our study suggests the possibility that the distance among the adsorbate oxygen atoms is slightly larger than the lattice constant of the substrate.