Effects of interfacial structure and polarity on charge transfer between carbonaceous nanomaterials and rutile (1 1 0) surface

The interfacial charge transfer properties of rutile (1 1 0) surface and two carbonaceous materials (graphene and C60) are investigated by employing first principles calculations. Results show that electrons can be transferred from oxygen-deficient or negatively-charged rutile (1 1 0) surface to graphene whereas few electrons are transferred from neutral rutile (1 1 0) surface to graphene. For the interface between C60 and rutile (1 1 0), a significant charge transfer is also found from oxygen-deficient rutile (1 1 0) to C60, while charge transfer levels from negatively-charged rutile (1 1 0) to C60 are analogous to that from neutral rutile (1 1 0) to C60. The partial densities of states (PDOSs) show that such carbonaceous materials can induce negatively-shifted conduction bands of rutile (1 1 0).