Simulation of particle–fluid systems with macro-scale pseudo-particle modeling

Pseudo-particle modeling (PPM) is a particle method (PM) proposed in 1996. Though it is effective for the simulation of local phenomena in particle–fluid systems, its application to practical systems is still limited by computational cost. Therefore, macro-scale PPM, or MaPPM is proposed, which combines finite difference (FD) with weighted averaging techniques to upgrade particle interactions to the fluid element level. In this paper, a detailed derivation of the model is presented together with a clearer demonstration of the convergence and accuracy of the model. The approach is then applied to the problem of plane Poiseuille flow and particle–fluid suspension, resulting in a physically reasonable flow pattern. We conclude that MaPPM can be a promising alternative to FD and finite element (FE) approaches whenever multiple moving interfaces are encountered.