Single crystal growth of trivalent ion conducting aluminum tungstate–scandium tungstate solid solutions

A modified Czochralski (CZ) single crystal method was developed for the growth of aluminum tungstate–scandium tungstate solid solutions. The crystals were transparent and a satisfactory quality was ensured by polarizing microscope measurements. Both Al and Sc were identified by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) measurements and the grown single crystals were identified to be solid solutions. The trivalent Al/Sc ion ratio in the single crystal solid solutions was accurately determined from the lattice parameters calculated from X-ray powder diffraction analysis.