New proton exchange membranes based on poly (vinyl alcohol) for DMFCs

A series of new composite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and silica were prepared. The highest proton conductivity (σ) of these membranes is 0.017 S/cm at ambient temperature. The methanol permeability (D) of these composite membranes ranges from 10−7 to 10−8 cm2/s. From the ratios of σ/D, it was found that the optimal weight composition of the PVA/PWA/SiO2 membrane is PVA/PWA/SiO2=0.40:0.40:0.20 wt. Infrared (IR) spectrographic measurements indicate that the Keggin structure characteristics of the PW12O403− anion is present in the composite membranes. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the electrochemical stability window of the complex membrane is from −0.5 to 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that silica can improve the thermal stability of the complexes and the single Tg of the membrane indicates that the membrane is homogeneous. The complexes behave as X-ray amorphous. The swelling results indicate that both PWA and SiO2 decrease the water absorption of the PVA complex membranes.