FTIR–ATR studies of diffusion and perturbation of water in polyelectrolyte thin films. Part 4. Diffusion, perturbation and swelling processes for ionic solutions in SPEES/PES membranes

We report diffusion rates and equilibrium concentrations of water in a polyelectrolyte SPEES/PES film using ATR/FTIR spectroscopy. The data for water obtained by fitting spectral intensities to a dual mode diffusion model in the presence of different counter ions (at 0.2 mol dm−3) follow the order Li+>Cs+>Na+>Ca2+>K+. Diffusion is progressively slower for higher concentrations of NaCl (0.2–0.85 mol dm−3) and the NO3− counter anion leads to a faster diffusion rate than for Cl− at the same concentration. Both water uptake and diffusion rates are broadly consistent with expectations based on the differential degrees of swelling, caused by changes in the SO3−/SO3− interpolymer chain repulsive forces leading to a decrease in volume diffusion compared with the value for pure water. Direct spectral measurements of the degree of swelling confirm that the process does occur, although the order of the swelling amounts does not map directly onto that of the diffusion rates. This is probably because the interfacial dissociation processes are hydration dependent.