The influence of monovalent and bivalent cations on the electrical properties of 12-Tungstophosphoric acid salts

The effect of monovalent and bivalent cations on some electrical properties of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (WPA) salts were studied. The charge carriers in this acid are protonic entities such as H+, OH− and various forms of hydrated proton H(H2O)+n. Conductivity, dielectric relaxations and activation energies of WPA were investigated. Permittivity measurements were performed on pressed polycrystalline pellets at lower frequencies (5 Hz–500 kHz) and in the X-band microwave range (8–12 GHz); the temperature interval was from room temperature to 360 K. In the microwave region, WPA hexahydrate (WPA-6) and some WPA salts exhibit one, two or three relaxations of the Debye type. Their relaxation times of the order of 10− 11 s are attributed to the fast reorientation of water molecules and/or fast reorientation of oxonium ions (H3O+). In the lower frequency interval, dielectric relaxations of WPA-6 and some WPA salts with longer relaxation times of the order of 10− 7–10− 5 s were registered and assigned to ion (H+ and/or H3O+) and cation jumps.