Mean flow in hexagonal convection: stability and nonlinear dynamics

Weakly nonlinear hexagon convection patterns coupled to mean flow are investigated within the framework of coupled Ginzburg–Landau equations. The equations are in particular relevant for non-Boussinesq Rayleigh–Bénard convection at low Prandtl numbers. The mean flow is found to: (1) affect only one of the two long-wave phase modes of the hexagons, and (2) suppress the mixing between the two phase modes. As a consequence, for small Prandtl numbers the transverse and the longitudinal phase instability are expected to occur in sufficiently distinct parameter regimes that they can be studied separately. Through the formation of penta–hepta defects, they lead to different types of transient disordered states. The results for the dynamics of the penta–hepta defects shed light on the persistence of grain boundaries in such disordered states.