Experimental studies and molecular modelling of the stress–optical and stress–strain behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Part I: Infra-red spectroscopic investigation and modelling of chain conformation and orientation changes on drawing

Quantitative infra-red data on oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films have been used to determine the changes in the proportions of the trans and gauche conformers of the glycol residues and the development of molecular orientation of the terephthaloyl groups as functions of draw ratio. The results are compared with predictions for the stretching of a rubber-like network based on rotational-isomeric-state (RIS) Monte Carlo (MC) modelling. It is shown that both sets of data are consistent with stretching an entangled molecular network of about 10 PET monomer units per network chain. The onset of crystallisation at a draw ratio of 2.5 affects the glycol trans–gauche conformer contents but has no detectable effect on terephthaloyl orientation.