Effect of polymer–nanoparticle interactions on the glass transition dynamics and the conductivity mechanism in polyurethane titanium dioxide nanocomposites

We report on the glass transition dynamics and the conductivity properties of a nanodielectric system composed of pre-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in thermoplastic polyurethane. Increase of TiO2 loading results in enhanced segmental mobility of the composites and less steep temperature dependence, i.e., lower fragility index. The decrease in the fragility index and glass transition temperature is discussed based on the FTIR results. We observe different behavior of conductivity for temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature. At high temperatures the composites exhibit conductivity values more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the pristine matrix. At the same time, at sub-Tg temperatures composites are characterized by superior electrical insulation properties compared to pristine matrix material. Such drastic temperature dependence of the conductivity/insulating ability of the flexible and light-weight, low-Tg composite material can be utilized in various applications including sensing and temperature switching materials.