Preclinical developments in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, such as muscle and fat, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis. Current pharmacotherapy does not adequately address the metabolic defects underlying this disease. Thus, novel targets are being explored that enhance insulin action at target tissues, stimulate carbohydrate and fat catabolism, decrease endogenous glucose production and increase pancreatic β-cell neogenesis and glucose-dependent insulin secretion. This article reviews recent developments in research on several of these targets, namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), I kappa kinase (IKK) beta, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R).