Hopping conduction in Ga4Se3S layered single crystals

The conduction mechanism in Ga4Se3S single crystals has been investigated by means of dark and illuminated conductivity measurements for the first time. The temperature-dependent electrical conductivity analysis in the region of 100–350 K, revealed the dominance of the thermionic emission and the thermally assisted variable range hopping (VRH) of charged carriers above and below 170 K, respectively. The density of states near the Fermi level and the average hopping distance for this crystal in the dark were found to be 7.20×1015 cm−3 eV −1 and 7.56×10−6 cm, respectively. When the sample was illuminated, the Mott’s VRH parameters are altered, particularly, the average hopping distance and the density of states near the Fermi level increase when light intensity increases. This action is attributed to the electron generation by photon absorption, which in turn leads to the Fermi level shift and/or trap density reduction by electron–hole recombination.