Ammonia-free method for synthesis of CdS nanocrystalline thin films through chemical bath deposition technique

The preparation of thin films of CdS by chemical bath deposition is mostly based on the utilisation of ammonia as a complexing agent for cadmium ions. Here we report on a technique based on sodium citrate dihydrate that eliminates the problems of ammonia volatility and toxicity. The crystallites with a size range of 10–20 nm in diameter with zinc blend (cubic) and wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structures and strong photoluminescence were prepared from the mixture solutions of: cadmium chloride dihydrate as a cadmium source, thiourea as a sulfur source and sodium citrate dihydrate as a complexing agent for cadmium ions. The well-cleaned glass used as a substrate for thin film deposition. The obtained samples were characterized by the techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, the effect of two operating conditions, (i) pH, and (ii) the temperature of reaction on the synthesizing of CdS nanocrystals was examined. Finally, it was found that the CdS nanocrystals showed sharp excitation features and strong ”band-edge” emission.