Atomic mechanism of glass formation in supercooled monatomic liquids

Atomic mechanism of glass formation in supercooled monatomic liquids is monitored via analyzing the spatial arrangement of solid-like atoms. The supercooled states are obtained by cooling from the melt using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Solid-like atoms, detected via Lindemann-like freezing criterion, are found throughout the liquid. Their number increases with decreasing temperature and they form clusters. In the deeply supercooled region, all solid-like atoms form a single percolation cluster which spans throughout the system. The number of atoms in this cluster increases steeply with further cooling. Glass formation in supercooled liquids occurs when a single percolation cluster of solid-like atoms involves the majority of atoms in the system to form a relatively rigid glassy solid. By analyzing the temperature dependence of static and dynamic properties, we identify three characteristic temperatures of glass formation in supercooled liquids including the Vogel–Fulcher temperature.