Inhibitory effects of natural carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats

Inhibitory effect of four carotenoids prevalent in human blood and tissues against the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. They received three intrarectal doses of N-methylnitrosourea in week 1, and a daily gavage of de-escalated doses of carotenoids during weeks 2 and 5. Lycopene, lutein, α-carotene and palm carotenes (a mixture of α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene) inhibited the development of aberrant crypt foci quantitated at week 6, but β-carotene did not. The results suggested that lycopene and lutein in small doses may potentially prevent colon carcinogenesis.