Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population

In the present study, 92 people were found to have atrophic gastritis (AG) according to depressed serum levels of pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II in a screening involving 208 Japanese people, participating in a group health check. Serum levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were higher in AG than in non-AG individuals, while those of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were significantly lower in AG individuals. The odds ratios for high serum DHA and GLA levels in AG subjects were 2.20 (95% C.I.: 1.10–4.39) and 0.34 (95% C.I.: 0.17–0.68), respectively. The above results suggested that GLA plays a role in reducing the incidence of AG, whereas DHA may increase a risk of AG.