FCLA chemiluminescence from sonodynamic action in vitro and in vivo

In this work, the chemiluminescence method was engaged for the first time to detect the active oxygen species during sonodynamic action in vitro and in vivo. We used FCLA (3,7-dihydro-6-[4-[2-[N′-(5-fluoresceinyl)thioureido]-ethoxy]phenyl]-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one sodium salt), which can selectively react with singlet oxygen (1O2) or superoxide anion (O2−) to emit photons, to detect in real time oxygen free radical formation in the sonosensitization of hematoporphyrin derivative. The results show that 1O2 is involved in the sonosensitization. In in vivo experiments, a tumor-imaging method by sonodynamic chemiluminescence detection was established. This method could have potential applications in clinics for tumor diagnosis.