Formation of bone-like apatite on titanium filament by a simulated body fluid inducing process

Metals have been widely applied in orthopedic and dental materials. However, most metals, such as titanium, titanium alloy, and 316L stainless steel, have poor bioactivity to bond with bone tissue. To improve this disadvantage, we incubated titanium filaments with simulated body fluid (SBF). As a result, a sodium titanate coating with apatite nucleation was formed on the surface of the filaments. After treated with 5 M NaOH aqueous solution, heated at 400 °C, and soaked into SBF at a temperature of 80 °C, nucleation of bone-like hydroxyapatite on the filaments were increased.