Thermodynamic description of the Cu–Pb–Sn system at the Cu–Pb side

A thermodynamic description of the ternary Cu–Pb–Sn system at the Cu–Pb side is presented. The thermodynamic parameters of the sub-systems, Cu–Pb, Cu–Sn and Pb–Sn, are taken from earlier SGTE-based assessments and those of the ternary system are optimized in this study using ternary experimental lead activity and phase equilibrium data. The present ternary description is valid for tin contents up to 60 wt%.