Porous TiO2 film prepared by micro-arc oxidation and its electrochemical behaviors in Hankʹs solution

Porous titanium oxide film was prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method on the surface of titanium alloy in electrolyte containing Ca and P. Surface characterizations of the film were carried out using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) before and after immersion in Hankʹs solution. Electrochemical behaviors and corrosion resistance were studied by electrochemical techniques. The film was mainly composed of titania, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and amorphous Ca–P compounds. α-TCP and amorphous compounds could transformed into hydroxyapatite (HA) when immersed in Hankʹs solution. MAO film showed higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion current than the titanium alloy and its chemical stability was slightly changed after formation of HA. Fitted electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data indicated that after immersion for 2 weeks the MAO film kept good corrosion resistance. Porous TiO2 film on titanium alloy by MAO method showed good chemical stability in Hankʹs solution and the transformation of Ca–P compounds into HA indicated that MAO was an effective method for preparing titanium alloys as bioactive artificial bone substitute even when Ca and P in the tissue environment were not abundant.