Modification of polytetrafluoroethylene implants by depositing TiCaPCON films with and without stem cells

The present work is focused on the investigation of the structure and properties of TiCaPCON films deposited on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as potential bio-implant material. The films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering of composite TiC0.5 + Ca3(PO4)2 target produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The film structure was examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The films were also characterized in terms of their adhesion to the PTFE substrate, hardness, elastic modulus, elastic recovery, wettability, and friction coefficient both in physiological solution (normal saline) and Dulbecko modified Eagle medium with fetal calf serum. The biological properties of the films were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro studies showed that human fibroblasts well adhered and spread on the surface of the PTFE sample coated with TiCaPCON films. In vivo studies using rat hip and rabbit calvarial defect models demonstrated a high osseointegration potential of the TiCaPCON/PTFE implants. In vivo bone tissue regeneration using hybrid implants (adipose-derived stem cells/TiCaPCON film/PTFE porous membrane) were also reported.