Bell-shaped nuclei dividing by symmetrical and asymmetrical nuclear fission have qualities of stem cells in human colonic embryogenesis and carcinogenesis

Large cell nuclei with at least eight distinct morphologies have been discovered throughout the fetal gut (5–7 weeks), colonic adenomas, and adenocarcinomas, five of which are not present in the normal adult colon. The most remarkable nuclear forms are hollow bells, approximately 10–15 microns in height and about 7–10 microns in bell mouth diameter. When encased in tubular syncytia, these bell-shaped structures divide symmetrically by an amitotic nuclear fission process resembling the separation of two paper cups. Seven other nuclear morphotypes emerge from the bell-shaped nuclei within the syncytia by asymmetrical amitotic nuclear fission. Cells containing these differentiated nuclear forms subsequently divide extra-syncytially by mitoses that form clonal populations of cells with identical nuclear morphotypes in embryos, adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and metastases. Cells with bell-shaped nuclei thus appear to be responsible for both net growth and differentiation in the embryonic gut, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas, and fulfill the requirements for post-embryonic stem cells in colon organogenesis and carcinogenesis.