Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. MS etiology remains unknown, but disease phenotype is most likely the result of an interaction between complex genetic factors and environmental influences. The better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS has led to the development of promising new therapeutic strategies for the disease. This review will discuss the key pathogenic steps implicated in the disease and the role of the main cellular populations that drive the immune responses in MS.