Hydrothermal liquefaction of cornelian cherry stones for bio-oil production

Hydrothermal liquefaction of cornelian cherry stones, fruit processing wastes, was performed at 200, 250 and 300 °C with residence times of 0, 15, and 30 min. The highest total bio-oil yield was obtained at both 250 and 300 °C for the shortest residence time (0 min) and found to be 28 wt.%. ca. The solid residue yields were reduced as both the hydrothermal liquefaction temperature and the holding time was increased. The highest heating values of LBO and HBO were estimated to be 23.86 and 28.35 MJ kg−1, respectively. The major compounds identified in the LBOs were furfurals, phenols, acetic acid and vanillin. The major components of the HBOs contained furfurals, phenols and fatty acids. Among major identified compounds in the HBOs, the relative concentration of Linoleic acid was the highest both at 250 and 300 °C.