Life cycle assessment of the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) in comparison to different energy recovery, animal-based and non-refining management systems

The study compares energy production from semi-natural grasslands by the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) through mechanical separation of the biomass with the dry fermentation (DF) and hay combustion system (HC). In addition, traditional use for beef cattle production and non-refining systems of landscape conservation, i.e. mulching and composting, are considered. Highest conversion efficiency (45–54% of the gross yield), net savings of fossil fuels (44–54 GJ ha−1) and net savings of greenhouse gases (2.9–3.7 t CO2-eq ha−1) are obtained by HC and IFBB. Potentials of DF are limited due to low digestibility of the mature biomass.