Study of intermediate states in shape transition of ZnO nanostructures from nanoparticles to nanorods

ZnO nanostructures synthesized by chemical solution method were observed to exhibit a shape transition from nanoparticle to nanorod when the growth temperature was varied from 130 to 200 °C. At the intermediate growth temperatures (150–170 °C), nanoparticles start getting attached to form nanorods and exhibit enhanced strain and defects which seems to be due to the presence of interface between attached nanoparticles at these growth temperatures. The difference between valence band maxima and Fermi energy level at intermediate growth temperatures get increases which has been attributed to the enhancement of defects.