Co-occurrence and evaluation of mycotoxins in organic and conventional rye grain and products

A study on the co-occurrence of Fusarium toxins in conventional and organic grain and derived products was carried out. A total of 117 samples were collected during the period 2009–2012. Eight mycotoxins were determined using the LC-MS/MS method. Among the investigated mycotoxins, four were of major importance: DON, ZEN, T-2 and HT-2. DON was present at the highest concentration in both the agricultural systems, with its maximum level of 254 ± 23 μg kg−1 being present in conventional rye grain. The co-occurrence of two or more mycotoxins was observed in more than 50% of samples, with the most frequent combination being DON + ZEN. The correlation between the concentrations of T-2 and HT-2, DON and ZEN, as well as T-2 and ZEN was confirmed statistically. The concentration of DON, HT-2 and T-2 was significantly higher in conventional products. Also the higher level of ZEN in organic grain in comparison to derived products was significant. None of the samples contained DAS, while NlV, MAS and 3ADON concentrations were close to the detection limits.